During this time, I had the opportunity
to wander off and walk the beautiful alabaster-lined arcades of the
mosque. the soaring central prayer hall was a glimmer of hundreds of
lights hanging in concentric circles. Arabic inscriptions in gold were
painted on the ceiling. Women had to be suitably attired and could not
wear sleeveless tops or short skirts or shorts. In one corner lay the
sarcophagus of Muhammad Ali - the builder of the mosque and an albanian
mercenary who was the founder of the dynasty that ruled till the revolution
in 1952.
Cairo Egyptian Museum
I
have memories of wandering around this museum, peering into smudged
glass cases, staring into the shrivelled faces of some once well-known
pharaoh like Ramses II and wondering if the ancient Egyptians were giants
in their large coffins. 20
years later, it was almost impossible to push through the crowds of
tourists - only useful because their guides provided more information
than ours. With only two hours, there was no way that we could view
the whole museum or see the royal mummies.
The museum
was celebrating its centenary and there was a special exhibition dedicated
to TutAnkhAmun - the most famous archaeological find. With travel guide
in hand, we oohed and ahhed over the gold treasures found in his tomb
- a gold throne featuring the famous scene of TutAnkhAmun's queen anointing
him, chests made out of ebony ivory, cheetah-skinned hunting shields,
bows, arrows, alabaster canopic jars holding King Tut's mummified organs,
gold sarcophagus - if Howard Carter had found such treasures for a little
known boy-king, imagine what the tomb of a pharaoh like Ramses II would
have been like? King Tut's inner coffin of solid gold and the famous
mask of gold that everyone wants to see and is portrayed in many egyptian
images.
The museum
has become another money-making expedition for the Egyptians with an
exhorbitant price to view the royal mummies. We had to content ourselves
with the animal mummies - cats, dogs, birds, goats, Nile perch (yes,
fish as well!) and most amazing was a 7-metre crocodile mummy.
The exhibitions
were arranged by themes on the upper floor and chronological on the
lower floor, going clockwise from the Old Kingdom, to the Middle and
finally to the New and later kingdoms. There were rooms full of giant
sarcophagi that would've weighed a tonne each, a room full of miniatures
showing the egyptians' daily lives, a room full of ancient papyrus long
faded and rooms full of bits and pieces from ruins, statues, palace
floors - a place where one needs a days to spend with a decent travel
guide.
Khan Al-Khalili
After
a stop at an egyptian perfumery and some lunch,
we headed to Khan Al-Khalili - the oldest
bazaar in Egypt that has lasted since the 1300s. Ancient buyers visited
the khan for goods brought in on merchant caravans. No longer do we
find slaves, silk, jewels or diamonds, but wooden guitars, brightly
patched pouffe covers, clothes, t-shirts, crappy papyrus paintings,
bongs/water pipes, bright bolts of cloth, the aroma of spices is very
much present and stalls are heaped with bright red, gold and blue powders
and sacks of seeds pods. Coppersmiths hammer out platters, tureens,
coffeepots and enormous crescent-shaped tops for minarets. It is a ritual
of the bazaar to expect to bargain - locals or foreign visitors - usually
a 10th of the offer price - if you have paid a third, you have paid
too much. We had only an hour to spare but many of the shops were closed
for a siesta after lunch. Ulla I pointed to bags of multicoloured
spices. He wanted £50 (AUD$10, 50DK.Kr) and after I said "da
ketir awi" (it costs too much) and walked away, the shopkeeper
doggedly followed us for a kilometre reducing the price from £40
to £30, £25, £20 and after we shouted £10 in
jest, he offered £15, £10 and finally £5 before finally
giving up on us. After much haggling, we managed to bargain for two
ornate glass perfume bottles for £20 (AUD$2.50; 20DK.Kr)
Bedstemor's Birthday Feast
Irene
Ole had organised a private room for Bedstemor's
birthday party. A single long table in a room of egyptian style.
Small silver pots lined in two rows in the middle of the table kept
the food warm.
We feasted on cumin-flavoured fried fish,
chicken fillets egyptian-style, cinammon-flavoured ravioli, rice, mashed
potatoes and beef steaks in pepper sauce, sang and toasted with bottles
of egyptian wine and beer to Bedstemor.
Whilst the children played in one corner,
there was much chatter througout the table and the evening finished
off with chocolate and fruit cakes topped with "Happy Pirthday"
(note, it's not an error) and we laughed in amusement in a plethora
of egyptian sweets - baklawa, semolina tarts, rose-water flavoured tarts,
and tarts that tasted like liquid honey... Ulla almost wanted to take
the rest of the desserts with her (except for the rose-water flavoured
ones - it was funny to watch her expression - rosewater almost smells
like cosmetics). The waiters were extremely attentive, coming by every
two minutes to serve us.
Best of all, Bedstemor turned 2 years old,
as she blew out each candle on the cakes. As the danes would say, "det
var meget hyggeligt!" (it was cozy)
Monday 15. november 2004 (7:30am start)
From the brown buildings and streets of
Cairo, we travelled 24km southeast of the city to Saqqara, changing
from a uniform brown to lush green fields of large cabbages and hundreds
of date palms. It was like an oasis, a gentle mist gave a surreal sense
of the fertile plains of ancient Egypt. Women in full-length black abeeyas
squatted in the fields, the odd man walking around - such a contrast
to the intense crowds of central Cairo.
Saqqara's Step Pyramid
Founded as a necropolis (burial city) for
the Old Kingdom and is one of the richest archaeological sites in Egypt.
The Step Pyramid
is less that ½ the height of the largest pyramids at Giza, but
this monument served as a predecessor of the smooth pyramids. Previously
tombs were made of mud brick, rectangular slablike structure covering
a burial pit. But the architect Imhotep had the bright idea to construct
in stone and build
the slablike structure 5 times one on top of the other, creating the
first pyramid.
We entered through the Great South Court
- the size of a soccer field, down a corridor of 40 pillars inspired
by bundles of tied reeds. Whilst Adam was making another one of his
speeches, I was tempted by a turbaned egyptian in a dress who took me
to the top where I managed to get one shot of the magnificent pillars
up top, before being scolded by Adam and being asked for baksheesh (tip).
I was gratefully rescued by a couple of Italians when the egyptian would
not let me go without a baksheesh. However, once I surfaced from the
building, I was blinded by white sands and the immense pyramid sitting
solitary amongst a few ruined stones, with a much smaller triangular
heap of stones in the background. Although the morning had been cool,
the sun soon warmed us up as we wandered round to the north.
Memphis
Once
the capital of ancient Egypt, it remains unexcavated
due to villages built on top of it and a high water table as a result
of the Aswan Dam. There is a small garden with small finds - bits and
pieces but the most exciting thing to see is a colossus of Ramses II
lying on his back as the lower legs are missing. The colossus would've
been 5 stories high had it been standing. Nearby lies the largest alabaster
statue ever found - 80 tons of sphinx - imagine what treasures that
could've been found if Memphis could've been excavated, especially as
this ancient city lay halfway between Upper and Lower Egypt.
Our final stop before lunch was a papyrus
museum - another place of commission for Adam. Bedstemor purchased a
papyrus of egyptian alphabets. Some of the paintings cost a massive
£3,500 (AUD$900, 3,500DK.Kr). For lunch, we had a splendid egyptian
meal in the middle of nowhere that served excellent mezza (egyptian
tapas) of baba ghanoush (roasted eggplant dip), tzatziki (cucumber dip),
hummus (chickpea dip), fuul (beans) served with freshly made pita bread,
warm vine-leaf rolls, lamb kofta and freshly roasted chicken in thyme.
It was feast fit for a king and the most egyptian meal we had on the
whole trip.
Pyramids
of Giza
From air the desert pyramids were
right on the edge of the city, 16km from Cairo.
I remember vaguely, as a child, hunched
over, walking up a surprisingly warm shaft lit by a single light bulbs
and emerging into a very chilly dark room that held a single stone sarcophagus,
the room empty except for occasional square holes in the wall where
food was left for the afterlife.
I had entered the Queen's chamber in the
largest pyramid and 20 years later, only the first 300 can enter these
pyramids - for an exhorbitant fee.
The largest of the three, Cheops' pyramid was
the largest, standing at 146metres at one point, took 920 metres to
walk around it and contained 2.3 million blocks! Each block was at least
one metre high, so you can imagine how massive these pyramids were.
The 2nd largest, Khefren's (Cheop's son) pyramid
still had some of the smooth shiny limestone casing that once used to
cover all these pyramids.==>
The massive solar boat that once carried
the pharaoh's body from Memphis to Giza and the
three smaller Queens' pyramids stood at one corner of the massive Cheop
pyramid. We didn't have the opportunity this time to enter the tombs,
but I feel priveleged that I did and that I still have some memories
of the event.
The Sphinx
The
pyramids loomed in the background as it sat silently on the hot sand
under the glaring sunlight for 4,000 years. Napoleon's troops once used
it for target practice, so its nose and pharaohs beard and long fallen
off and lies in a British museum. The Greeks called it "the
Sphinx" as it was based on a mystical creature with the head
of a man and body of a lion, which would stop any traveller along the
way with a riddle - if the riddle wasn't answered, it became the sphinx's
dinner. Throngs of crowds surrounded the sphinx and we could only enter
in single file. Over time, it seemed that tourists could view it from
further and further away. 45 years ago, Bedstefar's (grandfather) could
touch the Sphinx and even climb to the top of the pyramid; 20 years
ago, it was simply surrounded by a small wire fence but I could stand
close up to it; now it lay in a very large pit where visitors could
only view it up close if they zoomed in on their cameras. 4 millenia
later, it still manages to awe all of us.
Tuesday 16. november 2004 (2:30am start)
Yes, you did read that right - we were
all waiting in the lobby at 2:30AM. Last night, Bedstemor's grandchildren
treated the family to a Spanish-Egyptian Italian
dinner, which was followed by a cacophany
of tambourines, oboes and drums played for an Egyptian engagement couple
in the lobby.
This morning we were flying to Aswan, to
board a 3-day cruise up the Nile, sailing up to Luxor. When we arrived,
we were taken for a short felucca ride along
the Nile with a fantastic view of the Tomb of Nobles.
When we returned we were given our rooms onboard a four-storey cruise
ship that had an indoor games room, a pool and sundeck at the top.
Even from our rooms right at the bottom, we had a magnificent view of
a small white mosque-like structure on top of huge sandy mountains dotted
with small caves.
In the evening we had the opportunity to
visit a small souq (local bazaar) selling t-shirts, papyrus paintings,
mounds of saffron and dry scented lotus flowers, brown, red, yellow
indigo mounds of fragrant spices - all of which some of us bargained
for - the most expensive £25 papyrus painting (AUD$5, 25DK.Kr)
to cheapest £15 embroidered t-shirts with hieroglyphics (AUD$3,
15DK.Kr). To top the evening off, we took a £5 horse carriage
ride back to the ship.
Wednesday 17. november 2004 (7:30am
start)
It seemed some of the family had succumbed
to a tummy bug. The rest of us steered clear of unwashed fruit, fresh
salads, raw vegetables and drinks made with local water. However, this
didn't stop us from going out to see a few sights.
The Unfinished Obelisk
Had this obelisk
been completed, it would've been the largest and heaviest ever made
standing at 142 metres. It sat in a granite quarry, perfectly complete
on three sides but abandoned when a flaw was found in the stone. It
is almost impossible to imagine how the ancient egyptians could've moved
even a single rock made from this quarry as it stood a great many miles
from any of the monuments ever made. Unfortunately for Egypt, most of
its obelisks have been spirited to other countries - to Italy, Britain,
France and even Argentina by foreign archaeologists in the last centuries.
Most of us didn't have the chance to view the complete obelisk before
Adam rang a bell that he carried (to annoy us I suppose)
High Dam
For
centuries the Nile controlled the Egyptians' lives - either flooding
or insufficient water levels were disastrous for the people who relied
on this huge water source for their livelihood. When the Aswan
Dam was built, some of the villages in the south lost their water
supply.
30 years ago, a new High Dam was built
which resulted in the man-made Lake Nasser to the south being created
==>
This meant many people had to be moved
as villages were buried, as well as some of the ancient egyptian monuments
such as the Temple of Philae.
At
its highest point, the High Dam stands at 111m high, 3.8km long and
980m wide at the base.
Three times the number of stones used for
Cheops' Pyramid was used.
Videoing isn't allowed as it is a high-security
military area - should there be an attack on this Dam, then much of
Egypt would be submerged under water and would be a disaster for the
country.
Given only 10min, Adam "rang"
us back to the bus.
Temple of Philae
After
Aswan Dam, the Temple of Philae was submerged
for six months a year and tourists had to view it through the murky
waters of Lake Philae. When the High Dam was built, it threatened to
submerge the Temple permanently, so was moved stone by stone to a new
island similarly landscaped. Philae is special in that it's only accessible
by boat and the sunset forms a spectactular backdrop. A temple dedicated
to Isis (goddess of women, sex purity), it was one of the last
outposes for paganism and due to the popularity of Isis, was also used
by the early Christians. The Temple walls and many pillars were filled
from top to bottom with hieroglyphs and images of Isis - many defaced
by the early Christians who considered ancient Egypt's gods to be "pagan".
I had a fantastic afternoon walking in and out of all the nook and crannies
- visiting the Birth House, Nilometer, the "Pharaoh's Bedstead"
and much to the amusement of the family, I was the last to emerge.
Kom
Ombo
The ship set sail from Aswan at 3:45pm
after an afternoon spent sunbaking and drinking beer (typically danish
to make the most of sunshine and beer). We were sailing 48km north of
Aswan to Kom Ombo - the site of an ancient
city devoted to the worship of a crocodile god, Sobek. The ancient city
is long gone and crocodiles existing on nearby sandbanks have been hunted
to extinction.
At sunset, we visited the Temple of Kom
Ombo, dedicated to both Sobek the Crocodile god and Horus, the falcon-headed
sky god Isis' son. Although we didn't have the opportunity to
explore this temple,
it was both spectacular and eerie at sunset, with large light illuminating
it. There existed a pit filled with water, with a platform halfway down,
where crocodiles were lured in from the Nile with human flesh, and the
largest crocodile was caught and mummified as a tribute to Sobek. At
the Chapel of Hathor (Horus' wife), an American shouted "Geez,
I thought I was supposed to see crocodile statues!" *laugh* It
contained two of the mummified crocodiles found at the Temple.
We returned to a small cocktail party before
dinner, provided by the ship to introduce all the staff responsible
for making our trip enjoyable.
Thursday 18. november 2004 (7am start)
We sailed overnight past Kom Ombo to Edfu,
a small regional center for the sugarcane trade, visited the Temple
of Horus and sailed on to the Lock-crossing at Esna.
Temple of Horus
This
is the most complete of its kind, a Greco-Roman
temple that conforms exactly to ancient egyptian principles of architecture
ie visit Edfu to see what almost every other temple in Egypt would've
looked like in its original form. We were awed by the massive walls
of the pylons at the entrance, distince reliefs showing mirror images
of Horus and the pharaoh grasping the hair of his enemies. It was built
by Cleopatra's father around 50yr BC. Standing in the forecourt of this
well-preserved temple we can see mud-brick houses lined up at the top
of the compound walls because this temple was once buried right up to
the ceiling with a village built on top of it. Many of the temple relifes
capture the cataclysmic battle of Horus with his brother Seth. We entered
a small Nilometer - a dark, dank tunnel that smelled of pee and was
once used to measure the level of the Nile. Again I was the last to
emerge (a couple of minutes late only) to the loud applause of everyone
(and a huge glare from Adam).
Returning
to the ship in time for the 9am sail, we set off for Esna, 48km south
of Luxor. Whilst the family tanned on the sundeck,
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After
a stop at an egyptian perfumery and some lunch,
we headed to Khan Al-Khalili - the oldest
bazaar in Egypt that has lasted since the 1300s. Ancient buyers visited
the khan for goods brought in on merchant caravans. No longer do we
find slaves, silk, jewels or diamonds, but wooden guitars, brightly
patched pouffe covers, clothes, t-shirts, crappy papyrus paintings,
bongs/water pipes, bright bolts of cloth, the aroma of spices is very
much present and stalls are heaped with bright red, gold and blue powders
and sacks of seeds pods. Coppersmiths hammer out platters, tureens,
coffeepots and enormous crescent-shaped tops for minarets. It is a ritual
of the bazaar to expect to bargain - locals or foreign visitors - usually
a 10th of the offer price - if you have paid a third, you have paid
too much. We had only an hour to spare but many of the shops were closed
for a siesta after lunch. Ulla I pointed to bags of multicoloured
spices. He wanted £50 (AUD$10, 50DK.Kr) and after I said "da
ketir awi" (it costs too much) and walked away, the shopkeeper
doggedly followed us for a kilometre reducing the price from £40
to £30, £25, £20 and after we shouted £10 in
jest, he offered £15, £10 and finally £5 before finally
giving up on us. After much haggling, we managed to bargain for two
ornate glass perfume bottles for £20 (AUD$2.50; 20DK.Kr)
Irene
Ole had organised a private room for 
build
the slablike structure 5 times one on top of the other, creating the
first pyramid.
Once
the 
Pyramids
of Giza
The
pyramids loomed in the background as it sat silently on the hot sand
under the glaring sunlight for 4,000 years. Napoleon's troops once used
it for target practice, so its nose and pharaohs beard and long fallen
off and lies in a British museum. The Greeks called it "
cacophany
of tambourines, oboes and drums played for an Egyptian engagement couple
in the lobby.
For
centuries the Nile controlled the Egyptians' lives - either flooding
or insufficient water levels were disastrous for the people who relied
on this huge water source for their livelihood. When the 
At
its highest point, the High Dam stands at 111m high, 3.8km long and
980m wide at the base.
After
Aswan Dam, the 
Kom
Ombo
temple,
it was both spectacular and eerie at sunset, with large light illuminating
it. There existed a pit filled with water, with a platform halfway down,
where crocodiles were lured in from the Nile with human flesh, and the
largest crocodile was caught and mummified as a tribute to Sobek. At
the Chapel of Hathor (Horus' wife), an American shouted "Geez,
I thought I was supposed to see crocodile statues!" *laugh* It
contained two of the mummified crocodiles found at the Temple.
This
is the most complete of its kind, a 
Returning
to the ship in time for the 9am sail, we set off for Esna, 48km south
of Luxor. Whilst the family tanned on the